概要
単純ベイズ分類器(Classifier)はベイズ定理(Bayes’ theorem)の条件付き確率(事後確率、事前確率)による分類器また分類法である。
$$ \small P(Class | F_1, F_2,,,F_n) = \frac{P(F_1, F_2,,,F_n | Class) P(Class)}{P(F_1, F_2,,,F_n)} $$
\( P(Class | F_1, F_2,,,F_n) \)は事後確率、\( P(F_1, F_2,,,F_n | Class) \)は事前確率で、P(Class)とも先に求められるとされる。{P(F_1, F_2,,,F_n)は分類空間の類(Class)同士に変わらないので、計算が省略可能となる。
また特徴空間にある特徴(Feature)同士がそれぞれ相関しないことに簡略化して、単純ベイズ分類器となる。
$$ \scriptsize P = \frac{P(F_1|Class)P(F_2|Class)…P(F_n|Class)|Class) P(Class)}{P(F_1, F_2,,,F_n)} $$
前述kNN、kd-treeとも分類法だが、条件付き確率のベイズ定理を生かした、計算量が少ない確率論らしい分類法である。
実装の例
訓練データセットと単純ベイズ分類器により、ある言葉リストから暴力傾向あるかどうかを判別する。
'''
Created on Oct 19, 2010
@author: Peter
'''
from numpy import *
#
# Load postingList -> myVocabList.
#
def loadDataSet():
postingList=[['my', 'dog', 'has', 'flea', 'problems', 'help', 'please'],
['maybe', 'not', 'take', 'him', 'to', 'dog', 'park', 'stupid'],
['my', 'dalmation', 'is', 'so', 'cute', 'I', 'love', 'him'],
['stop', 'posting', 'stupid', 'worthless', 'garbage'],
['mr', 'licks', 'ate', 'my', 'steak', 'how', 'to', 'stop', 'him'],
['quit', 'buying', 'worthless', 'dog', 'food', 'stupid']]
classVec = [0,1,0,1,0,1] #1 is abusive, 0 not
return postingList,classVec
#
# Create myVocabList from postingList.
#
def createVocabList(dataSet):
vocabSet = set([]) #create empty set
for document in dataSet:
vocabSet = vocabSet | set(document) #union of the two sets
return list(vocabSet)
#
# Create 2 vectors(2 categories) from myVocabList.
#
def setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, inputSet):
returnVec = [0]*len(vocabList)
for word in inputSet:
if word in vocabList:
returnVec[vocabList.index(word)] = 1
else: print(f"the word: {word} is not in my Vocabulary!")
return returnVec
#
# Create 2 conditional probability vectors(p0Vect & p1Vect) from trainMatrix.
# Create 1 category probabilitiesies(pAbusive) from trainCategory.
#
def trainNB0(trainMatrix,trainCategory):
numTrainDocs = len(trainMatrix)
numWords = len(trainMatrix[0])
pAbusive = sum(trainCategory)/float(numTrainDocs)
p0Num = ones(numWords); p1Num = ones(numWords) #change to ones()
p0Denom = 2.0; p1Denom = 2.0 #change to 2.0
for i in range(numTrainDocs):
if trainCategory[i] == 1:
p1Num += trainMatrix[i]
p1Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i])
else:
p0Num += trainMatrix[i]
p0Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i])
p1Vect = log(p1Num/p1Denom) #change to log()
p0Vect = log(p0Num/p0Denom) #change to log()
return p0Vect,p1Vect,pAbusive
#
# Perform bayes formula. 1: testEntry is abusive, 0: not abusive.
#
def classifyNB(vec2Classify, p0Vec, p1Vec, pClass1):
p1 = sum(vec2Classify * p1Vec) + log(pClass1) #element-wise mult
p0 = sum(vec2Classify * p0Vec) + log(1.0 - pClass1)
if p1 > p0:
return 1
else:
return 0
#
# Test 2 testEntries.
#
def testingNB():
listOPosts,listClasses = loadDataSet()
myVocabList = createVocabList(listOPosts)
trainMat=[]
for postinDoc in listOPosts:
trainMat.append(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, postinDoc))
p0V,p1V,pAb = trainNB0(array(trainMat),array(listClasses))
testEntry = ['love', 'my', 'dalmation']
thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry))
print(f"{testEntry}, 'classified as:' {classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb)}")
testEntry = ['stupid', 'garbage']
thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry))
print(f"{testEntry}, 'classified as:' {classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb)}")
#
# main.
#
if __name__ == '__main__':
testingNB()
ソースコード→https://github.com/soarbear/Machine_Learning/tree/master/bayes
結果
参考文献
「Machine Learning in Action」、Peter Harrington氏
追記
単純ベイズは、回帰に使われた報道がある。
参考文献 Technical Note:Naive Bayes for Regression
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